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Definitions Q-Z |
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Rate
of passage |
The
time it takes for food to pass through the digestive system and
become feces. |
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Ration |
All
of the feed (forages, supplements, minerals, vitamins and buffers)
given to an animal during a 24 hour period.
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Raw
milk |
Fresh
milk as it comes from the goat naturally. |
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Recorded
Grade |
Goats
registered as "experimental." Doe kids which are the
product of parents from two different registered breeds. |
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Registered |
An
animal that is listed with the registry association (ADGA) |
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Regurgitate |
To
push undigested food from the stomach, into the mouth. |
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Rennet |
An
extract containing rennin. It is used to coagulate milk protein to
make cheese. |
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Repell |
To
push away from you (as in "repelling the fetus" by
pushing it away from you in the birth canal to gain room to
rearrange it in order to ease birthing.)
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Replacement |
An
animal selected to be a future member of a milking herd. |
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Retained
placenta |
A
placenta that doesn't come out on it's own after birthing. |
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Reticulum |
The
second stomach compartment of a ruminant. Has a honeycomb
appearance. |
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Rolled
feed |
Feed
that has been put under heavy rollers, to break down the structure
of the feed and make it easier to digest. |
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Rolling
herd average (RHA) |
The
average milk production per herd, per year, based on last 12
months
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Rotary
milking parlor |
A
raised, rotating milking platform. |
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Roughage |
Pasture,
silage, hay. Roughage
is high in
fiber and low in total digestible nutrients (TDN). |
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Rumen |
The
first and largest stomach compartment of a ruminant |
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Ruminant |
Animals
having a stomach with four compartments: the rumen,
reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
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Rumination |
The
casting up or regurgitation of food (cud) to be chewed a
second time.
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Scours |
Diarrhea. Loose, runny manure. |
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Scur
horns (scurs) |
Thin,
curling horn shells that grow when the disbudding iron is not left
on long enough, or the entire horn bud is not burned.
Can be removed with a wire saw. |
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Serum |
That part of the blood that is clear (the red blood cells have been removed |
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)Sickle-hocked |
The
angle of the back leg joint is too small, so the goat can't fully
extend the leg |
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Somatic
cell count |
A
measurement of the number of somatic cells present in a
sample of milk.
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Somatic
cells |
Leukocytes
(white blood cells) from the blood, indicating an infection or
injury. |
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Splay-footed |
The
toes of both feet are pointed out to the side |
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Standing
heat |
That
point in a doe's heat cycle when she is stands still to be mated. |
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Stomatitis |
Sores in the mouth |
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Subcutaneous |
Under the skin; a shot given between the skin and the muscle |
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Take-off |
See
Automatic Take-off. |
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Tattoo |
Applying
ink to the surface of the goat's ear, or in the tail for LaMancha
goats, to mark them so you can identify them. |
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TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients) |
A measure of digested energy. 1 lb. of digested carbohydrates = 1 lb. TDN = 2000 Calories (kilocalories) |
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Teaser
Buck |
A
sterile male that has been vasectomized or epididectomized, that
is placed with the does two weeks prior to breeding, so that the
does come into heat and are receptive when the bucks are put in
with the does to breed. |
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Teat |
A
"nipple" on the udder, through which milk flows. |
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Teat
meatus
(streak
canal) |
The
small opening in the end of each teat. |
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Term |
The
gestation (pregnancy) period.
When they "come to term" it means they should be
ready
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Test |
To
evaluate the producing ability of a lactating animal; to
determine the percentages of various components of milk, such as
milk fat; to examine the blood of an animal for specific
pathogens. |
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Tetany |
A
condition in an animal in which there are localized, spasmodic
muscular contractions. |
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Tether |
To
tie an animal with a rope or chain to allow grazing but
prevent straying. |
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Therieogenologist |
A
veterinarian who specializes in reproduction |
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TMR
(total mixed ration) |
Where
the grains and forages are chopped or ground together and are fed
to livestock.
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Toe
out |
To
walk with the feet pointed outward. Also called splay-footed. |
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Toxins |
The
poisons produced by certain microorganisms. Symptoms of some
bacterial diseases, such as diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, and
staphylococcal food poisoning, are caused by toxins. |
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Toxoid |
A toxin that
has been altered, but is still capable of causing the formation of
antibodies in the animals to protect them from disease. |
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Type |
The
physical conformation of an animal. |
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Type
classification |
A
breed association program where a registered animal's conformation
may be compared with the "ideal" or "true"
type animal of that breed. |
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UIP |
. The portion of protein escaping breakdown by
rumen microorganisms. |
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Udder
(bag) |
The
mammary or milk producing glands of the doe, encased in a fleshy
bag, divided in half, and with a teat on each half.
The udder should be full, free of lumps, with a tight
attachment, two symmetrical halves, and the nipples arranged
toward the outside of the doe. |
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Unthriftiness
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A
term that describes an animal that is in poor health.
It lacks energy, may have stunted growth or slow
development. Generally a goat that isn't doing well. |
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Urea |
A
compound (NH2CONH2) made by combining ammonia and carbon dioxide. |
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Vaccination |
The
process of stimulating the immune response in an animal, by
exposing it to altered biological material, thereby giving the
animal resistance to an infectious disease. |
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Vaccine |
Any material, usually a preparation of microorganisms, for preventative inoculation to produce active immunity by the formation of antibodies |
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Vector |
an
organism which transmits disease from one animal to another |
| Ventral | in the front part (opposite of dorsal) |
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Vesicle |
a pimple-shaped elevation on the skin that contains serum |
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Virulence |
the capacity of a microorganism to produce the disease; strength of the disease |
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Weak
pastern |
The
lower part of the leg is bent in |
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Wean |
To
take a kid off a milk diet |
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Weanling |
A
kid that has just been weaned |
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Wether |
A
castrated male goat. |
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WDGA |
Wisconsin
Dairy Goat Association |
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Wing
shoulder |
The
shoulder joint sticks out from the rib structure. |
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Wry
tail
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The
tail head is either to the right or left of center. |
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Yearling |
A
goat from one
to two years old, or from one year old until it's first
birthing |
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Zero
Grazing |
Where
the freshly cut forage is brought to confined animals instead of
having them go out and graze. |
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Zoonotic |
A disease which can be transmitted between animals and people |