|
Abortion
|
The
expulsion of the fetus prior to the end of pregnancy
|
|
Abortion
storm
|
An
abortion rate in excess of 10%
|
| Abscess |
A
localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by disintegration
of tissues |
|
Acid
|
A
compound with a positive or negative charge, that breaks apart in
water to form a hydrogen ion (H+).
0-6 on the pH scale. The more H+ the stronger
the acid, so 1 is the weakest acid and 6 is the strongest acid.
A one number change means the solution is ten times weaker
or stronger than the previous measure.
Solutions containing acids are called “acidic”
solutions. Acids are sour, react strongly with metals, are very
dangerous and can burn your skin. Examples of acids: vinegar,
citrus fruits and stomach acid.
|
|
Abomasum (the
"true" stomach)
|
The
fourth stomach compartment of a ruminant.
|
|
Abortion
|
Premature
expulsion of the fetus
|
|
Acetonemia
(ketosis)
|
An
abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the blood.
|
| Acute |
Short,
severe course of a disease, having a rapid onset with pronounced
symptoms |
|
ADGA
|
The
American Dairy Goat Association.
|
| Aerobic |
Growing
best in the presence of free (available) oxygen |
|
Afterbirth
|
The
placenta and other membranes connecting the fetus to the mother.
They are expelled after birthing.
|
| Agalactia |
Absence
of milk production |
| Alopecia |
Hair
loss |
|
American
breed
|
An
American breed is the result of three successive generations of
breeding to purebred bucks of one breed. ("grading up")
|
| Anaphylactic
shock |
A
violent attack of allergic symptoms produced in an animal
sensitive to a specific drug. |
| Anemia |
A
condition in which the blood is deficient either in quantity or quality
of red blood cells |
| Anaerobic |
Any
microorganism which can live without either air or free oxygen
|
|
Anthelmintics
|
Drugs
that kill parasites
(intestinal worms)
|
|
Antibiotic
|
A drug
that kills bacteria. Doesn't
work against viruses.
|
| Antibody |
a
substance produced in the body which reacts to antigens (any
foreign protein from a bacteria) usually in order to
protect the animal
from a disease
|
| Antidote |
A
substance used to counteract the effects of a poison |
| Antigen |
A
substance that has the power of inducing the formation of antibodies
in an animal or organism under suitable conditions; used to
enhance immunity |
| Antiseptic |
a
substance that will inhibit the growth of microorganisms;
the substance is usually applied to living tissue
|
| Antiserum |
the
serum obtained from an animal which has been immunized
against a disease, therefore containing specific antibodies
produced
by the animal to combat a specific disease |
| Antitoxin |
antiserum
from an animal immunized against a toxin
|
|
Artificial
insemination
|
Placement
of semen into the doe without normal sexual contact.
|
|
Atrophy
|
A
wasting away of a cell, tissue, organ, or body part.
Example: The leg muscles atrophy (get smaller) after
paralysis. of the leg.
|
|
Automatic
take-off
|
A
mechanical device that senses that the goat is done milking. It automatically shuts off the milking vacuum and takes the
milking unit off the goat's udder.
|
|
Average
daily gain (ADG)
|
The
average amount of weight an animal gains each day.
|
|
Bacteriostatic
|
A
substance that retards or prevents the growth of bacteria,
but does not kill them.
|
|
Balanced
ration
|
The
daily food allowance of an animal, formulated to provide exactly
what the animal needs for health, growth, production, and
well-being.
|
|
Baleage
|
Hay
that is cut, baled and wrapped, then allowed to ferment.
|
|
Barren
|
Not
able to produce young
|
|
Base
|
A
compound with a positive or negative charge, that breaks apart in
water to form hydroxide ions (OH-). 8-14 on the pH
scale. The greater the concentration of OH- ions the
stronger the base, so 8 is the weakest base and 14 is the
strongest base. A one number change in pH means the solution
is ten times weaker or stronger than the previous measure.
Solutions containing bases are called “alkaline”
solutions. Bases
taste bitter, are slippery, are very dangerous and can burn your
skin. Examples of
bases: lye and ammonia.
|
|
Biotype
|
Classification
of the goat as a meat or dairy animal
|
|
Bloat
|
Excessive
gas buildup in the rumen
|
|
Blood
plasma
|
The
liquid part of blood, which carries the red blood cells.
|
|
Body
condition score
|
A
scoring system, which assigns a number to a certain levels of
muscle and fat on the goat. It
indicates the general health status of the goat.
|
|
Bolus
|
2
meanings: 1) Regurgitated food that has been chewed and is ready
to be swallowed. 2) a large pill or capsule.
|
|
Bow-legged
|
Knees
bowed out
|
|
Bred
Doe
|
A
doe that has been inseminated by the buck, or artificially
inseminated. A
pregnant doe
|
|
Browse
|
Leaves
from woody plants.
|
|
Buck
|
A
male goat
|
|
Buck
Effect
|
When
the females that aren't in heat, are stimulated to go into heat
(ovulate) by the sudden introduction of a male, or teaser buck.
|
|
Buck-Kneed
|
Knees
bent forward
|
|
Buckling
|
A
young buck kid
|
|
Cabrito
|
A young
goat. Sometimes also
used as a name for the meat of a young goat
|
| Capillaries |
Tiny
vessels connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest veins |
| Cardio-
or cardiac |
Pertaining
to the heart |
|
Castrate
|
To remove
the testes of male goat, creating a whether.
|
|
Cellulytic
bacteria
|
Rumen
bacteria that dissolve or digest plant cell wall material
|
|
CIP
(clean-in-place)
|
Equipment
that is cleaned without moving it or taking it apart.
|
|
CP
(crude protein)
|
See
crude protein and intake protein.
|
|
California
Mastitis Test (CMT)
|
A
mastitis-screening test. Determines
the somatic cell content in milk.
|
|
Capriculture
|
The
study of goat keeping.
|
|
Caprine
Bucket
|
A
bucket fitted with nipples, usually ten per bucket. Milk is
placed in the bucket, or in small jars in the bucket, and kids
suck the milk through the nipples, attached to plastic tubes
immersed in the milk.
|
| Carrier |
An
animal or person in apparent good health who harbors a pathogenic microorganism
|
|
Carrying
capacity
|
The
number of animals that a pasture can feed for a specific
length of time.
|
|
Casein
|
The
major protein in milk
|
| Caudal |
Toward
the tail |
|
Cellulose
|
The
principal carbohydrate part of plant cell membranes. which is
dissolved by cellulytic bacteria in the rumen.
|
|
Chevon
|
Goat
meat.
|
|
Chronic
Disease |
Disease
which develops and progresses slowly (contrast to acute) |
|
Coliform
bacteria
|
Bacteria
from the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. If you
have coliform bacteria in a test result you can assume you have
fecal contamination.
|
|
Colostrum
|
The
first milk produced by the doe after giving birth.
Loaded with antibodies.
|
| Communicable |
Capable
of being transmitted from one individual to another |
|
Compaction
|
Feed
packed into the stomach and intestines, causing stomach upset and
constipation.
|
|
Complete
ration
|
A
blend of all feedstuffs (forages and grains) into one feed.
Sometimes called total mixed ration or TMR.
|
|
Components
|
The
nutritional solids in milk (fat, protein, lactose, and minerals).
|
|
Concentrate
|
A
feed high in total digestible nutrients (TDN) and low in crude
fiber (CF) (less than 18 percent). (Examples: cereal grains,
soybean oil meal, cottonseed meal and industrial by-products. Not
necessarily high in protein.
Also called supplement. (Sometimes mistakenly called "ration."
Ration includes all materials: concentrate, hay, minerals etc.)
|
|
Conception
|
The
time when the sperm cell penetrates the wall of the ovum.
|
|
Conception
rate
|
Total
number of conceptions, divided by the total number of buck
services.
|
|
Condition
(body
condition)
|
The
state of the animal's health as reflected in the amount of muscle
and fat on the body, hair quality and quantity, and the general
alertness and energy level of the animal.
|
|
Confinement
|
Livestock
kept in buildings all the time.
|
|
Conformation
|
The
shape and design of the body
|
|
Conjunctiva
|
The
tissue covering the front part of the eye.
|
|
Contagious |
the
degree of power of a disease to spread from one individual
to another |
|
Conjunctivitis
|
An
inflammation of the eye. Pink
eye.
|
|
Cotyledon
|
One of
the lobules which make up the uterine side of the placenta
|
|
Cow-hocked
|
When
the ankle joints (hocks) are angled in toward each other
|
| Cranial |
Toward
the head |
|
Crimped
feed
|
Grains
that are rolled with corrugated rollers to make them easier to
digest. Used in kid
feed.
|
|
Crossbreed
|
An
animal produced by mating purebred goats of different breeds
|
|
Crude
fiber (CF)
|
The
structural part of the plant: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Forages are high in crude fiber and grains are low.
|
|
Crude
protein (CP)
|
This
is the total amount of protein in a feed, expressed as a
percentage, 6.25 times the
nitrogen content of a forage and 5.7 times the nitrogen
content of a grain.
|
|
Cud
|
The
regurgitated feed or "bolus" from the stomach
|
|
Cull
|
To
remove a goat from the herd
|
|
Curd
|
The
coagulated part of milk.
|
|
CWT
|
see
hundredweight
|
