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Because the library cannot control what individuals do on their farms, use of this site implies your agreement not to hold the library responsible for damages resulting from the use of the information.

 

Building and Planning Sections:  A-L      M     N-Z      Plans

 

Building and Planning Section M   

Manure  

Amount

6 tons excreted per year per 1,000 lbs. live weight of goats

Composition

Composition: 1.44 % nitrogen, 0.5 % phosphoric acid, 1.21 % potash

Math Formulas

Click on math formulas to find the formula for area, perimeter and volume. 

Measurements of Goats  

Some Alpine goat measurements.   

           
Age Floor to mouth Floor to top of head Floor to top of shoulder Base of Neck to Tail head Heartgirth
Newborn 15" 17" 13" 12" 14 1/2"
1 month 21" 24" 17" 14" 15"
2 months 16" 20" 18" 15" 17"
3 months 12" 23" 18 1/2 " 17" --
4 months 17" 29" 23" 21" 27"
Yearling 26" 29" 26" 29" 33
Adult 26" 33" 28" 30" 41"

Milking Equipment   

New producers sometimes find it hard to deal with dairy contractors because they are not familiar with the names of the equipment used for milking.  Below you will find pictures of some of the equipment.   Prices vary widely.   The  examples are not meant to favor one company over another, but merely to give you a picture..  See the "Equipment Suppliers" list in the Reference section of this website for addresses, phone numbers and links to equipment suppliers.

Complete Milking Units 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This picture shows a complete milking unit, consisting of  milk hose (clear), vacuum hose (black), and milking cluster (claws, inflations, shells, tubing.) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hose

 

Milk hose (clear) carries the milk from the milking cluster to the pipeline.  If they are getting rough inside and are collecting dirt, or are falling off the milking cluster or the pipes, then replace them.  The hose should fit tightly. It is sold by the foot in farm supply stores. 

Vacuum hose (black) controls the vacuum pressure from the vacuum line to the milking cluster.  Again, it should fit tightly.  If it starts falling off, replace it.

 

Milking Clusters    

The milking cluster takes the milk from the teat end and transfers it to the milk hose and pipeline.  It should have a shut-off valve which allows you to shut off one half if it gets done milking faster than the second half.  You can buy a complete milking cluster (claws, shells, inflations), or buy the parts individually and put them together however you like.  See the equipment supplier list in the Reference section.  Here are some examples of complete goat clusters: 

 

62997 Silicone Goat Milking Cluster (Medium to Large does)

(Parts Dept)

 Includes:
2 x 64582 Silicone inflations
2 x 64583 Clear Shells
2 x 920858 Auto Valve Claws
All hoses

--------------------------   

62999 Silicone Goat Milking Cluster (Small to Medium Does--pygmy)

(Parts Dept)

Includes:
2 x 920874 Silicone inflations
2 x 920875 Clear Shells
2 x 920858 Auto Valve Claws
All hoses
 

------------------------

NuPulse Goat Cluster    (They have several models.)

  ------------------------

        

DeLaval SG-TF100          DeLaval SG-TF80       DeLaval Almatic G50      DeLaval Almatic S10/G10

Handyflow    SAC (Denmark)   http://www.sac.dk/getfile.php?objectid=713874

 

Cluster Components

The following items are cluster components which are sold individually and can be assembled as you like:

Milking Claws  

Milking claws come in many styles.  Parts Department, NuPulse, DeLaval, Boumatic, Coburn, and many other companies carry them.  

DeLaval type goat claw (Parts Dept.

------------------------                                                                                                                                      

DeLaval style goat claw (Parts Dept.)

 ------------------------

Goat point claw (Parts Dept.)

------------------------

Auto-valve claw (Parts Dept.)

------------------------

Boumatic-style claw (Parts Depart.)

 

Liners (inflations) 

64582 Silicone Inflations (Parts Dept., )  

 

When to replace inflations

NOTE: Figures that companies give on how long you can use an inflation before replacing them, are often based on milking cows, not goats.  Goats are milked at a higher pulsation rate, so the inflations wear out faster.  Be sure to ask the equipment supplier how often to change the inflations you are buying.  If they don't know, find out who the manufacturer is and call them.

Parts Department recommends replacement of their goat silicone inflations at 2000 to 2500 milkings.  We'll use that as an example.

How to figure out when to change inflations:

(1) How many goats are milked with one cluster, every time the stand fills with goats? 

(2) How many times do you fill your stands during a milking?

(3) How many times do you milk a day?

Take the answer to number (1), times number (2), times number (3).  Take that times 30 days in a month. 

Take 2500 milkings per inflation, and divide by the number you got above.  That will tell you how many months you can use a set of inflations before they have to be changed. 

Example: You milk two goats with each cluster every time the stand fills with goats.  You fill your stands with goats 4 times during a milking.  You milk twice a day. 

2 goats x 4 stand fills x 2 times/day milking x 30 days in a month= 480 times per month the inflations are used.

2500 milkings per inflation divided by 480 milkings per month= 5.2 months per inflation

Make a note on your calendar when you buy inflations, and count ahead the right number of months and write yourself a note there too, to remind yourself  to buy inflations next time, so you don't forget to change them.    Bad inflations cause teat damage, which causes mastitis.  Mastitis costs you money in lost milk production and lower milk checks.  It makes $ense to buy new inflations on a regular basis.  Remember to figure that into your budget.   

Shells    (Replace only when cracked.)

 

64583  Plastic Goat Shell (Parts Dept. )  

A note about using converted cow equipment:  

Many people are tempted to use converted cow equipment because it is inexpensive.  The downside is that the milkers are too large and they are very heavy, causing slipping and fluctuations in vacuum pressure.  This in turn causes teat irritation and mastitis.  One Boumatic dealer says that although some of the vacuum fluctuation created by using cow equipment can be relieved by installing a pulsator board, he highly recommends that you use equipment made specifically for goats in order to avoid teat damage... (Interview Krueger's Boumatic Clintonville, WI, 2004)

Other milking equipment

 

Milk Meters  Milk meters measure the amount of milk given by each goat so you can keep records.

63486  Waikato Milk Meters for Goats (Parts Dept. )

         Installation and maintenance manual for Waikato Milk Meter (540kb)  

     

Power Take-offs   Power take-offs automatically remove the milking clusters when the goat is done milking, in order to avoid teat damage.  Most people don't use them, simply because they are an additional expense, but they are available if you want them.  

                                                                                    

63449 Power take-off (Parts Dept.)  

 

910055 Board for regulating power take-offs (Parts Dept.)

       You will find an instruction manual for Waikato power take-offs at Waikato Take Off 

 

Clean In Place (CIP)   

CIP units wash the milk hose and clusters after milking, without having to drag them back to the milk room to hook them to the pipeline washer.  It is highly recommended that you have these.  It makes a huge difference when you are milking twice a day, 7 days a week, but  especially during kidding season when you are exhausted.  

 

Here are some examples:

 

CIP controller  (DeLaval C125) 

 

(Check with your equipment dealer to find a CIP unit compatible with goat equipment. 

 

62630 Open cup design (Parts Dept)
Fits
Parts Dept's Goat Cluster

(If you are using converted cow equipment you will need a specific cup for your brand of milking unit.)

 

62622 Hang It all square front design (Parts Dept.)

 

62611 Hang it all v-front design (Parts Dept.)

Pulsators/ Pulsator Boards

Regulates the rate of milking pulsation.  You can buy individual pulsators, or you can buy a pulsator board, which helps to stabilize vacuum pressure.  

 

Interpuls Pulsator  Hoegger Supply

Super-puls II pulsator 47125 Schlueter Company 

 

 Pulsator board  (for 12 or 16 units) Schlueter Company

  Vacuum Gauge

Tells you what the vacuum pressure is.  Check this every day while you're milking to be sure your pressure is adequate.

 

Vacuum Gauge(Hoegger Supply) 

 

  Bucket Milkers Some people have independent bucket milking systems instead of a pipeline.  This is what some of them look like:

 

Hoegger's Deluxe 1-Goat Milking System

(Hoegger Supply, single or double models)

 

Hoegger's Deluxe Belly Pail

Extra bucket (Hoegger Supply)

 

Parts Dept. 

 

For an article on cleaning bucket milkers, see Attention Bucket Milkers at http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/goat/news/dgg0510a3.htm

  Teat Dip Cups

 

Foaming teat dip cup (Caprine Supply) 

Foaming dippers save a huge amount of teat dip, which is quite expensive.

 

 

Milking Parlor Equipment: Headstall Units and Milking stands

 

Headstall units 

Goat Self-locking Feed Through Panels 

(Wisconsin company)  http://www.gardnerbarn.com/Goat.htm

Come in 10 foot sections ready made, or can do custom work. Offers several types of release levers, posts for mounting.  They have a Barn Plan Information section that allows you to ask for quotes on equipment.

 

DeLaval movable and fixed stalls for sheep and goats, see

http://www.delaval.com/Products/Sheep_goat/Milking_stalls/default.htm

 

Also see Goat Dairy Library's Plans section for Milking Stands with headstall units on them. Measurements are provided so you can weld your own.

 

Stands

Metal

Homemade Metal Milking Stand with 8 headstall units.  (See diagrams at Stand, metal,  herringbone or Stand, metal, parallel, .to get ideas for building your own stand.

                       

            

Single metal stand for medical treatments  http://www.lsuagcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/8DE1D236-92CF-458F-9E4B-100E9B716861/16942/6399GoatMilkingStandMetal.pdf

For other plans, see Plans.

Cement Stand Coming soon

NOTE: Forms for planning your milking parlor are available at  these links:

Milking Parlor Worksheet and  Building Record Sheet,

Milk Room Equipment

You can buy used milk room equipment from Wisconsin farmers who are no longer milking, by running an ad in your local “Shopper,” or in The Wisconsin Farmer ( http://www.wisfarmer.com/ ) or Country Today newspapers at (http://www.thecountrytoday.com/).  For advice on the  most energy-efficient and and cost-effective equipment you can buy, see this site: http://www.wisconsinpublicservice.com/farm/save_dairy.asp

 

Bulk Tank  

Mueller bulk tank

 

    Bulk TankTemperature                

Bulk tank temperature should be 30 - 34 degrees if you have a four-day pickup.

If the temperature is higher than that, bacteria will build up in the top of the tank and drip into the milk.  

If you see references to a higher temperature for bulk tanks, they are assuming that you have an every other day milk pickup. (Schaub)

 

Bulk TankCapacity(gallons)/lbs. of milk  

Bulk tank size

Holds this much milk

   200 gallons

  1,600 lbs

   300 gallons

  2,400 lbs.

   400 gallons

  3,200 lbs.

   500 gallons

  4,000 lbs.

   600 gallons

  4,800 lbs.

   800 gallons

  6,400 lbs.

1,500 gallons

12,000 lbs.

 

 

How to figure what size bulk tank to buy for your herd:

 

1) Take the maximum # of goats you could be milking* and multiply that by the average milk production per goat each day**).

 ___goats x ___lbs./ goat /day =_____ total pounds of milk produced/day.

 

2) Take that number and multiply by the number of days in your longest milk truck pickup period:

____lbs/day x ___days = ___pounds per pickup.

 

3) Divide that number by by 8 lbs./ gallon::

                        ___lbs per pickup =  _____ gallons / pickup

                           8 lbs per gallon   

 

That is the minimum size tank you should buy:   _____ gallon bulk tank

 

*(Make sure that you have carefully considered what your family can handle and how much building space you have available to house the milking does.  Young stock, babies and bucks also need housing space and you need an area set aside as a sick room, milking parlor and milk room.  See the “stocking rates” section below, and make sure you only measure OPEN space where a goat can stand.  Also see “herd size” in the Quick Reference Guide.)

 

** An average milk production per day per goat is 5 lbs per day, but you should be looking for at least 8 lbs. per day for a commercial herd. (Coffee, Dairy Goats)

 

Example for new producers:

 

You want to buy the recommended minimum herd of 150 goats.  You have a large barn that can house 150 milking does (see stocking rates below), and you have other buildings that will hold the young stock, bucks and babies.  You know that you will not be able to milk any more goats than that because you can’t house any more.  You plan to work full time in this operation and your wife plans to work outside the farm full time to pay the bills.  She will only be able to give a few hours a week to the farm work.  You are young and healthy and feel you can handle milking 150 goats, plus chores, along with birthing and other duties as they come along.

 

If you haven’t bought your herd yet, or you know where you will be buying your herd, but the herd owner doesn’t have a clue how much they give, then, how do you know how much milk you will have to store, and consequently, what size bulk tank to buy?  In this case, you could start at the average amount of 5 lbs. of milk per day.

150 goats x 5 lbs. of milk/day/goat= 750 lbs. of milk per day. 

 

Now consider that the route you want to get on only picks up the milk every fourth day, so you need to store four times the amount of milk they give per day.   

4 x 750 = 3,000 lbs. of milk per milk pick up

 

Now divide 3,000 lbs for the total pickup period, by 8 lbs. of milk/gallon to find out how many gallons that is, because bulk tanks are sold by the gallon, not the pound.

 

 3000 lb/pickup divided by  8 lb/gallon  =  375 gallons per pickup.

 

You need a 400 gallon bulk tank to store up the amount of milk you have in one pickup. 

 

But what if the milk truck can’t get through in a snowstorm, or what about holidays when the route drivers are not working?  You may have to store the milk an extra day, so add a days worth of milk to your total pickup..

3000 lb. + 750 lb= 3750 lbs.

 

3750 lbs/pickup  divided by 8 lb/gallon= 468.75 lbs. per pickup 

    

Now you will need at least a 500 gallon tank to allow extra space for holidays and snow storms.

 

We don’t have any more space for milking does and the bank won’t loan us any more money to build another building, so we pretty much know we are probably not going to get much bigger than the original 150 goats.  In this scenario, with average goats, we would simply buy a minimum 500 gallon tank, or maybe buy a 600 gallon bulk tank because we know that, with good management, we can get the milk production up a little.

 

What about the rich farmer who is buying a very high producing herd of 150 goats with DHI milk records showing an average of 10 lbs a day production per goat?   

150 goats x 10 lbs./ goat /day= 1500 total pounds of milk produced/day.

1500 lbs/day x 5 day pickup (4 day pickup plus one day extra) = a potential of 7500 pounds per pickup.  00 lb/pickup divided by 8 lb/gallon     =   937.5 gallons. 

 

He would need to buy at least a 1000 gallon bulk tank.

 

To be safe when figuring bulk tank size, use the highest number of goats you REASONABLY think you might we able to milk in your existing buildings.   It is important that you do not assume you will be building new buildings in a year or two unless your rich uncle is dying and you know ahead of time you are his sole heir.  It takes years to understand how to increase your income in this business and you may not be making a profit for many years, especially if you have to get a large bank loan to open your business.  Most goat milk producers have big plans at the beginning, but find they cannot afford to build new buildings, and end up with exactly as much space as they started with.  Be reasonable in your expectations, because you have to pay for the electricity to cool that big tank no matter how much milk is in it.  Ask other producers what size they use and how many goats they milk.  Ask them whether they would still buy the same size.  Learn from their mistakes.   After you’ve moved a bulk tank into your milk room, you’ll never want to have to do it again.  

 

Moving and Installing Bulk Tanks   http://goatconnection.com/articles/publish/article_76.shtml  

Bulk Tank Washers 

Automatically washes the bulk tank after pickups.  The Kolb-Lena field man highly recommends that you have this to keep plate counts low.  Here are some examples:

Sunset bulk tank washer (Parts Dept.)

 

Delaval T125

Sinks

  Equipment washing Sinks       

The gallon capacity of the tank is roughly equal to the length of the tank in inches.  For example: A 43" tank holds approximately 43 Gallons.  These attach to the wall or are put on legs.

 

 

Sizes available:

 

18”

23”

29”

37”

43”

49”

55”

61”

73”

85”

97”

 

Leg brackets for equipment sinks (Parts Dept.)      

 

 Wall brackets for equipment sinks (Parts Dept)       

Hand washing Sinks      (attach to wall)  

                    

 

680 Coburn Company (metal)

 681 Coburn Company  (plastic)

Hose Chute   This chute allows the trucker to put the milk truck hose through the wall.

 

67170 Telescopic Hose Chute (Parts Dept. $32.95)  

Width 6"
Length extends from 5" to 9"
Perfect for 8" concrete block.
 

 

For the sake of your milk truck driver, make sure he doesn't have to bend way down to get the milk hose into the chute.  Install it where he can reach it easily.  

Cooling Compressor

The compressor cools the milk in the bulk tank.  It should have a timer on it so you can get the new milk cooled as fast as possible.  The compressor creates a lot of heat, which can help heat the milk room in the winter, but which must be excluded in the summer.  You can control this two ways.  1) the compressor cover, and 2) the compressor box.  The compressor is mounted through a hole in the wall, with a screen on the outside of the hole.    There is a panel that slides into channels on the outside of that screen to seal the opening in the wall in the winter.  Remove that panel in the summer to let the heat out.  If you have an old compressor, it may not be enclosed.  If so, you may need to build an airtight  box around the compressor, inside the milk room.  The box should be removable, or have a section that is removable., to allow the warm air to heat the milk room in the winter, and then close it off in the summer, so the heat stays outside.  

Vacuum Pumps

 

Parts Dept.-DeLaval

Parts. Dept-Surge

Milk Sock Box

 

Milk pipe filters, also called milk socks, have to be stored in a box in order to pass inspection. Make sure the box matches the size of the milk socks, as they come in different sizes.

Parts Dept. 

Paper Towel Holder 

 

Single use towels are required for inspection, and must be in a box.

 

Self-Closing doors

Doors must have a closing unit on them, so they automatically close when you enter or leave the room.

    

Milking Parlor / Milk Room Setup

NOTE:  This is a quick summary of the most essential material from the Dairy Practices Council “Guidelines For The Design, Installation, and Cleaning of Small Ruminant Milking Systems” manual.  It will give you a quick idea what you need to know to set up a milking system.  I would strongly encourage you to buy the manual and read it in it’s entirety before your dairy contractor comes to do an estimate, as many contractors have never set up a system for goats.  It is full of diagrams and very specific information on goat systems.  The manual is available for $5.00 at http://www.dairypc.org.  Please support the important work these people are doing on our behalf, buy buying publications from them.

 

Avg. peak pounds of milk per day 

10-15 lbs. (at 8 lbs. per gallon, that is 1.25 to 1.875 gallons per day)

Milkout time

2-6 minutes

Stray voltage between equipment and ground

(neutral to earth) less than 0.5 volt.

Minimum air flow requirements to milk on a pipeline system

25 Cubic feet per minute (base amount), and then add 2 cfms for each additional milking unit. Since 1 HP gives 10 cfm, divide the total # of cfms needed, by 10 to determine horsepower needed to move the air.

 

Minimum air flow to wash per loop of pipeline

1.5" line requires 25 CFM

2.0" line requires 40 CFM

2.5" line requires 60 CFM

(For each additional loop add approximately 50% more airflow)

 

Regulators and Safety Valves

     -Capacity of regulators (vacuum controllers) should equal the full capacity of the vacuum pumps at the operating vacuum.

-Normal loading of the system should not reduce the operating vacuum level more than 0.6 inches of mercury.

-Overshooting the vacuum set point after a major air influx should not exceed 0.25 inches.

-Install regulators on the mail supply line at or near the distribution tanks, or close to the sanitary trap, but not on the milk or pulsator lines.

 

Vacuum Level

       -Follow manufacturer's recommendations.  If none, use the following

                   -high line system 13-14 inches of mercury

                   -mid line system12 to 13.5 inches of mercury

                   -low line system 11 to 12.5 inches of mercury

       -Recommended claw vacuum at peak flow of 10 to 12 inches of mercury

 

Vacuum Lines

    Materials:

         Schedule 40 PVC or heavier is commonly used. It should withstand vacuum levels of 25 inches of mercury as well as 

         cleaning fluids. Support well.

Size:

Main vacuum line between the vacuum pump and the distribution tank:

On systems up to 50 CFM, and a maximum of 100 ft. long, use 2" lines.

On systems at 50 CFM, and less than 60 feet long, use  2" lines.

On systems of 50 to 125 CFM, regardless of length, use 3" lines.

On systems of 50 to 125 CFM, regardless of length, use 3" lines.

Note: Vacuum pumps must be adjusted for elevations over 1000 ft (305 meters) above sea level. Check with the pump manufacturer for exact changes.  The adjustment factor is approximately 3% pe 1000 ft (305 meters)